Maritime Education

RESEARCH PRODUCTION

2023-2024

1.Continuing Professional Education of the Maritime Instructors by Dr. Imelda An

2020-2021

1. Conflict Resolution Approaches among Maritime Practitioners while on Board the ship: Basis for a conflict management program for seafarers by Arnulfo Orence and Dr. Reynalda Garcia
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   Abstract – The study anchored on the assessment of the most commonly encountered sources of conflict on board the ship and the conflict management styles among Filipino seafarers. Researchers conducted a survey among Filipino seafarers of different groups – the top management, operations officers and the rank and file by the use of descriptive method of research utilizing the triangulation approach. Researchers used the standardized and widely used Thomas Kilmann conflict Mode Instrument (TKI) to determine and understand the conflict management approaches of maritime professionals while at work on board the ship,. This focuses on the five conflict management styles namely Collaborating, Competing, Compromising, Accommodating, and Avoiding. Results revealed that the most dominant among the conflict management styles of the groups of respondents is collaborating and the least practiced is the compromising. However, the most effective management style depends on the conflict situation. When the conflict is properly managed, conflict maybe a source of novel, creative and innovative ideas which can be potential to promote positive change. Results form basis of the improvement of the Conflict Management Program for Seafarers.
   Keywords – conflict management styles, Collaborating, Competing, Compromising, Accommodating,
   Avoiding, conflict management program
2. STATUS OF LPU-B IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STANDARD REQUIRMENS IN MARITIME EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEMS by Dr. Piolo Garcia and Dr. Reynalda Garcia
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3. Correlation of the Third Year Level Assessment Result & Performance in Marine Transportation Professional subjects by Dr. Beverly Caiga & 2M Edwin Agena
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   Abstract – This research aimed to determine the relationship between year level assessment result and performance of marine engineering students in their major subjects. Specifically, it sought to present the year level assessment results of marine engineering students in the year 2015 – 2016. It also seeks to determine their performances in Basic Electricity, Engineering Materials, and Hand and Measuring tools, to test the significant relationship between year level assessment results and grades in their major subjects, and propose plan of actions base on the results of the study. This utilized a descriptive research method with the records of 66 marine engineering students. The results of the assessment showed that the marine engineering students scored the highest in Machine Shop 1 and scored the least in Engineering Materials. The Marine Engineering students got the highest grade in Basic Electricity and the least grade in Engineering Materials. The assessment on the course Machine Shop 1 was found correlated to the students’ grades on Engineering Materials and Machine Shop 1. This indicates that there is a significant relationship between year level assessment results and grades. It is recommended that the maritime faculty members may develop plans to help students have better understanding of each and every lesson of a particular course especially the professional ones.
   Keywords – Assessment results, grades, major courses

2018-2019

1. Tracer Study of the Maritime Graduates of LPU-Batangas from 2012-2017 by Capt. Alexander Gonzales
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2017-2018

1. Basic Training Provides by LMTC: Basis for Program Improvement by: Beverly Caiga, Ferdinand C. Alcantara, and Leoncio B. Mandigma
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2016 – 2017

1. Proposed Laboratory Manual in Physics for Maritime Students by Maria Victoria M. Gonzales, Victorano P. Aranas, and Marlon M. Cometa
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(2015-2016)

1. The Effect of Class Suspension Alternatives as Disciplinary Action for Minor Student Offenses in LPU-Batangas: “Basis for Policy Enhancement” by: Reynold S. Beredo, Meldrick Arjay A. Magsino and Edwin Agena
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   This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of class suspension alternatives as disciplinary action for minor student offenses in LPU- Batangas. Specifically, this study compared the percentages of minor student offenses from year 2011 to 2014 per college with records of improvement and assessed the perception of former student violators and university personnel about the effects of class suspension alternatives on behavior and academics. It tested the difference on the perceived effects of class suspension alternatives between student violators and university personnel, as well as the differences of students’ perceived effects of class suspension alternatives when they are grouped according to level of discouragement to commit more serious offenses. The researchers utilized the descriptive method of research. The data-gathering instruments used were evaluated student violation records from 2011 to 2014 and a prepared questionnaire. There were a total of 880 respondents, composed of 860 former student violators and 20 university personnel. Results of the study revealed that the existing alternatives to class suspension served as effective deterrents of student misbehavior. The findings also showed that university personnel and former students violators. In addition, there is a significant difference between the perception of university personnel and former student violators on the capacity of class suspension alternatives in encouraging students to observe proper decorum and behavior. Moreover, student violators who are not discouraged to commit more serious offenses are less perceptive to the effects of class suspension alternatives compared to those who are discouraged to commit graver violations. An action plan was proposed to further improve the disciplinary practices used in LPU- Batangas.
   Keywords: class suspension alternatives, disciplinary action, student offenses
2. Awareness on Services Rendered by the Office of Student Affairs to the Students of LIMA Campus: Inputs for Service by: Ritchie P. Dalangin & Billy Vergel Catibog (2015)
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3. Modified Basic Safety Training with Typhoon Awareness for Both Captains and Owners in Batangas Province; Response on Disaster Preparedness by: Annalie Pateña (2015)
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   Given the unremitting increases of natural disasters, potential terrorism risks, global climate change and the intrinsic-dangerous geographical location of the Philippines, it is imperative that governments, academic institutions and large public entities be prepared for disasters. The study aimed to assess the basic safety training of LIMA for boat owners and the boat captains in selected municipalities in Batangas Province. A quantitative- qualitative mode of data collection with document analysis of the written document was utilized. Results revealed that majority of the respondents were satisfied with the training and considered it very beneficial to their work and business. The results also revealed that training was very important to support the reconstruction stage as well as to raise awareness about the needs to better prepare for future natural disasters like typhoon. In addition, the level of capabilities and vulnerability of certain place and people towards typhoon was determined. Natural disasters cannot be prevented, but measures can be taken to eliminate or reduce the possibility of trouble. The researchers recommend to strengthen the connection of the school to the community and to continuously provide training on basic safety. In addition, continuous training may be done for reinforcement to have sustainable training skills and be prepared to different disasters.Keywords: Typhoon Awareness, Natural Disaster, Disaster Preparedness
4. Factors Affecting the Choice of School and Degree Program among Freshman Maritime Students by: Carlos L. Aguado, Jake M. Laguador, Joseph Cezar L. Deligero (2015)
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   Several factors may be considered in selecting school and degree program like quality education, the people from the environment, personal choice; and accessibility of the school from students’ residences. This study utilized a descriptive type of research method with Maritime students as respondents. Findings revealed that it is the personal choice of the Maritime Students to enrol in maritime program in LPU- Batangas with the support primarily from their parents wherein quality education through being known as home of board topnotchers and its standards are considered big factor for their decision. They also believed that finishing maritime education would bring them in employment abroad which is basically the nature of duties and responsibilities of seafarers. High interest towards the degree program is also manifested among the maritime students. Maritime students graduated from public schools have significantly higher chance of being influenced by people in choosing the school and degree program and they also have significantly higher degree of interest towards the maritime program compared to those graduated from private schools.Keywords: Qualilty Education, Interest, Maritime Education, LPU, Filipino
5. Attitude of Marine Engineering Students on Some School-Related Factors and their Academic Performance in Electro Technology 1 and 2 by: Engr. Teresa E. Bacay and Dr. Conrado I. Dotong (2015)
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   The major purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the academic performance of Marine Engineering students in Electro Technology course and their attitudes towards the course itself, the instructor’s methods of teaching and the learning environment. Descriptive-correlation method of research was utilized in the study. Results showed that more than one-third of the population of the Third year marine Engineering students has average rating performance in Electro Technology 1 while good performance in Electro Technology 2. Students have high positive attitude towards the course more than the instructor’s method of teaching and the learning environment. Positive correlation has been also concluded between the final grades in Electro Technology and the attitude towards the course and the teachers’ method of teaching. Enhancement of students’ interest towards the course is suggested to get better appreciation of the profession. Instructors may relate the topics to real life situation in the work environment especially the maintenance, operation and installation of different machineries and systems in the vessels, as well as the development and construction of marine vessels.
   Keywords: Electro Technology, Marine Engineering, academic Performance

(2010-2014)

1. Stakeholder’s Feedback on the Newly Developed PEO and SO of BSMT & BSMARE in LIMA by: Dr. Bella Luz M. Dinglasan & Engr. Ronnie Masangcay (2014)
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   The study aimed to determine the stakeholders’ feedback on the newly-developed program educational objectives and student outcomes for BSMT and BSMARE in LIMA. The researchers used a descriptive method of research. The data were gathered through survey questionnaire.
   The results revealed that the stakeholders assessed the PEO of BSMT and BSMARE and the SO of BSMT as very important, however the student outcomes of BSMARE were assessed as important and there are differences on the assessment of the stakeholders of BSMT on PEO. The researchers also proposed plan of action to enhance the newly developed PEO and SO of BSMT and BSMARE. The researchers recommend to set up a departmental OBE web site to provide resources and information relevant to the implementation of OBE in the department, conduct Seminars regarding the importance of OBE to Maritime education, give a brief discussion on what is OBE during the LIMA orientation to inform the parents about the new methods of teaching.
   Keywords: Outcomes-Based Education, Stakeholders, Program Educational Objectives and Student Outcomes
2. Predictors of Performance in MSAP Examination: Basis for an Intervention Program by: Dr. Bella Luz Dinglasan and C/M Arnulfo Orence (2014)
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3. Impact of Community Cleaning and Coastal Clean-Up of LIMA: Basis for Enhancement by: Mrs. Vivian Perez (2013)
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4. Level of Awareness of LIMA Faculty to the OBE Approach by: Capt. Geronimo Dolor & Dr. Teresita Guico(2013)
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5. Survey on LIMA Faculty and Maritime Students Research Capability by: C/M Ruben Formeloza & Ms. Annalie Pateña (2013)
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6. Needs Satisfaction of Maritime Students of LIMA: Basis for an Enhanced Guidance Program by: 2/M Luisito Salazar & Dr. Jake Laguador (2011)
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7. An Assessment of Problems and Needs of LIMA Faculty Members Regarding Student Discipline by: 2/M Ferdinand Alcantara & Dr. Jake Laguador (2011)
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8. Factors Affecting Turnover among the Maritime Faculty by: Mrs. Vivian Perez (2010)
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1999 -2013

1. 1. Tracer Study of BS Marine Transportation Graduates of Lyceum of the Philippines University from 2007-2011 By: Dr. Jake M. Laguador and C/M Arnulfo Orence (2013)
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      This study primarily determined the factors associated with the job placement of the graduates of Marine Transportation and Marine Engineering of Lyceum of the Philippines University in Batangas from 2007 – 2011. This tracer study used descriptive research design. The study utilized 1,012 or 80.96 percent of BS Marine Transportation graduates and 178 or 100 percent of BSMarE graduates as respondents. Survey questionnaire was used as the main instrument of this study.There were 817 BSMT graduates or 80.73 out of 1,012 and 146 BSMarE graduates or 81.11 percent out of 180 surveyed respondents are presently gainfully employed; acquired their first jobafetr 1 to 6 months of job search and found their relevance of skills acquired from this university to their present work. Self – motivation to pursue their career in maritime is the foremost reason of the majority of the unemployed surveyed graduates. Majority of the respondents were employed in international shipping industries and cruise line and tourism vessels with considerable salaries. The respondents found their first jobs through shipboard training and by the assistance of school’s job placement officer through MOU and MOA as ordinary seaman with P101,000 – 200,000 monthly earning of the majority. Marine Transportation and Marine Engineering graduates found communication skills as one of the competencies very useful in their first job. General education subjects such as Maritime English and Literature subjects as well as the major subject basic safety are considered relevant to the respondents’ present job. BSMT graduates have significantly higher salary than BSMarE graduates and the perception on the relevance of professional subjects to their present employment also differ significantly in favour of BSMT.A proposed action plan to improve the employment rate of BSMT and BSMarE Graduates of LPU maybe considered in the departmental planning to enhance the relevance of the curricula of the BSMT and BSMarE programs and other related student services that contributed to the job placement of the graduates. Thus, the action plan be implemented and evaluated to determine other significant factors that influence the success of the employability of the graduates through undertaking a follow – up research.Keywords: Maritime Education, Tracer Study, Employability, Curriculum

1. 1. Tracer Study of BS Marine Transportation and BS Marine Engineering Graduates of LPU from 1997-2007 By: Engr. Jake Laguador & Mr. Olympio Garcia (2010)
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      This tracer study intends to determine the employment status of BS Marine Transportation and BS Marine Engineering Graduates of LPU from 1997-2007. It also intends to assess the relevance of the BSMT and BSMarE curricula, knowledge and skills acquired by the graduates to their employment; identify the personal and professional characteristics and job placement of Maritime Graduates and the school-related factors associated with their employment. The findings of the study will serve as the bases for the researchers to improve, update or enhance the curricula of BSMT and BSMarE programs and services to make these more responsive to the needs of shipping industries.There were 41 or 82 percent of the surveyed respondents were satisfactorily and gainfully employed; majority have rank and file position, landed on their first job related to their course completed; obtained their first jobs more than 1 year; stayed in their first job more than one year and End Contract is the number one reason why did they left their first job and no previous experience on the position applied for is the number 1 problem they encountered when looking for a job.All professional subjects of Marine graduates were considered very relevant to their present work while some school related factor like library, OSA, College Dean Office were also considered relevant to their job placement.The Communications and Management skills developed by LPU were considered very much useful to the present work of the respondents. The proposed program of the study focused on academic development, employment opportunity and enhancing leadership capability of Marine students and faculty members.It is strongly recommended that the graduating students before graduation must be given ample time to practice answering pre-employment examinations and interviews. Technical trainings must be given to the instructors handling major professional subjects. English and Math subjects must also be strengthened. University personnel must be conscious about their reactions to the situation while they are interacting with the students. All Offices and Departments must pursue and continue to improve their services towards the attainment of maximum customer satisfaction.Keywords: Maritime Students, Curriculum, STCW, Graduates, Employability, Employment

1. 1. Lyceum International Maritime Academy: Responding to the Needs of the Maritime Industry: A Qualitative Research By: Dr. Leo R. Ramos Jr. & Dr. Norma L. Meñez (2010)
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      Today, as deployment of Filipino seafarers continues to conquer the globe, the quest for quality maritime program has become a challenge to pursue. Philippine maritime schools through the Commission on Higher Education are expected to address and strengthen its maritime training following international standards as ISO, IMO, UNCTAD, ICS, MOL, DWT, for the competitiveness of the increasing international migrations of the Filipino seafarers.
      This research determined the responsiveness of Lyceum International Maritime Academy (LIMA) to the needs of Maritime Industry and looked into the problems encountered by the maritime industry in the deployment of graduates of maritime course in order to present measures that will enhance the capabilities of LIMA to respond to the deployment needs of the maritime industry.The researchers used research triangulation whereby data were gathered through an open-ended question, documentary analysis, round table discussions, and tripartite meeting with the administrators of the different Maritime schools in the Philippines and Maritime industry.Significant results revealed that the LPU Maritime School complied with the CHED- STCW ’95 requirements and responds to the identified needs of the maritime industry through the establishment of the Lyceum Training Center built according to world class facilities furnished with modern equipment to become the leading provider of maritime professionals in the Asia Pacific Region. Moreover, the programs are strictly monitored to comply with accreditation standards set by Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation under the umbrella of the Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the Philippines.The curriculum on Professional subjects for BSMT and BSMare are very relevant to their future employment. The greatest problem encountered by the manning industry in deploying maritime graduates involves applicants who have not taken or failed the board examination. They are also concerned with encouraging those with career at sea to be equipped with the best education and training through regular upgrading and re tooling. It was also noted that maritime universities should provide networking and facilitate sharing and learning to produce more competitive maritime graduates based on benchmarked best practices.It was recommended that benchmarking of best maritime practices on instruction and possible sharing of faculty resources among training industries and universities be sustained. Aside from tracing of under board alumni of BSMT and BSMare for possible tie up with manning industry for training purposes, Memorandum of Agreement with other Maritime Training Centers should be established so that the LIMA Training Center will be recognized for its state of the art facilities and functional equipment. Along the same note, a Maritime Nursing course maybe offered as well as foreign language subject aside from the Maritime English already being offered.Keywords: Maritime Education, Maritime Industry, Lyceum International Maritime Academy

1. 1. The Status of Implementation of the Vessel Traffic Management System at the Batangas Baseport towards Enhancing the Vessel Traffic Services at the Batangas Bay By: Dr. Flora V. Javier & Capt. Carlos Aguado (2010)
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      Everyone engaged in the maritime industry puts premium on maritime safety. This is a prioritized concern specifically of port management which has been mandated to develop efficient maritime transport and navigational system and ensure the safety of all humans and the environment. This is the same mandate that guides the Batangas Base Port which together with the other private ports located along the Batangas Bay shore provides services to domestic and foreign vessels and cargo ships that call at the Batangas BasePort. How effectively and efficiently the Batangas Base Port is able to ensure the safety of vessels calling at the port through its vessel traffic services, specifically thru the Vessel Traffic Management System, is the main concern of this paper. This study aims to assess the status of implementation of the Vessel Traffic Management System at the Batangas BasePort. It seeks to determine the previous and current state of marine traffic in Batangas Bay, identify the marine hazards that have become evident at the Batangas Bay Area and determine the vessels’ compliance with the rules or provisions of the VTMS and the subsequent imposition of penalty fees for non-compliance. The study utilized the descriptive method where gathered data were analyzed using frequency, rank, sum, mean, percentage and ratio.The analysis of the data on ship calls, cargoes and passengers show that there was heavy marine traffic during the period under study. Most marine accidents involve collisions and grounding while spill incidents were mainly oil or oil products of small manufacturing companies, cargo ships or tankers which were relatively small in quantity compared to world record of oil spills. The study also showed that there is an effective implementation of the Vessel Traffic Management System at the Batangas BasePort evidenced by the vessels’ compliance with the provisions of the VTMS that has resulted to avoidance of accidents due to the prompt and accurate tracking and compliance of vessels with the installed traffic separation scheme. The reasons of non-compliance are generally minor in nature which require minimal penalty fees.To enhance the Vessel Traffic Management System at the Batangas Bay it is recommended that the PPA-PMO personnel undergo continuous training and development to ensure that the VTMS Center is equipped with adequately skilled manpower who can operate the equipment with the highest efficiency. It is also recommended that the present physical facilities and equipment of the Center be regularly upgraded with regular preventive maintenance be observed to ensure accuracy in monitoring and tracking of vessels. Similar investigation that employs other variables maybe conducted to examine the training needs of the VTMS personnel and propose a training program to address identified needs.Keywords: Vessel Traffic Management, Batangas Baseport, Batangas Bay

1. 1. The Profile Aspirations, Value Orientation and Problems of Marine Students at LIMA: Bases for Enhancement of LIMA Student Service Program By: Engr. Jake Laguador and 2/M Ferdinand Alcantara (2009)
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      In attaining the goals and aspirations towards success, problems might occur in a situation which is already beyond the students’ control and looking for the right answer or responding to it is the only way to move on. Good health is considered as one of the most valuable assets that anybody could have to fulfill his/her dreams. The study attempts to investigate the aspirations, value orientation and problems of marine students enrolled in LIMA S.Y. 2008-2009.The descriptive type of method was used in the study with questionnaire as the main instrument to gather data from 215 maritime students currently enrolled during 2nd semester of S.Y. 2008-2009 at Lyceum of the Philippines University, Cuta Campus, Batangas City.The respondents of the study are mostly senior maritime students, who belong to family with 3 – 4 children, eldest, graduated from public high schools, full time students, majority their parents earn less than P 10,000 a month, mostly their fathers have reached both high school and college levels while the mothers’ educational attainment belong to college. Maritime students belong to determination category. They have high level of terminal, instrumental, moral and social values. The most identified problems by the maritime students are: not enough outdoor activities and exercise, parents of the respondents are expecting too much from them, feel shy in talking to people, afraid of making mistakes and teacher explains/discusses sometimes not clear.The profile aspiration of students in terms of Hibernation is affected by the type of school they graduated and parents’ educational attainment while perspiration is affected by year level, type of school and educational attainment of mother. Determination, Terminal and instrumental values are affected by year level. Problem in terms of health and problems as they relate to others are being affected by type of high school graduated and estimated family income; problem with family is affected by their year level and type of school; problems on self-concerns was affected by their type of high school graduated and status of students while problems on studies depends on the type of their high school graduated.The action plan was based from the four identified aspirations and value orientation categories and five identified problems cited in the study.Keywords: Profile Aspiration, Value Orientation, Maritime Students

1. 1. Time Management and Teaching Performance among Marine and Engineering Faculty Members in LIMA: basis for an Intervention Plan By: Engr. Jake Laguador and 2/M Edwin Agena (2009)
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      This study aimed to determine the personal profile of the faculty members of Maritime and Engineering faculty members in terms of age, gender, civil status, mode of residence, place of residence, average teaching load in a year, number of teaching load preparation, length of teaching experience; and educational attainment. The variables used were the teaching performance of the faculty-respondents; time management practices of the faculty members in terms of their work time inside the classroom and campus; outside work time periods in terms of their personal schedule related and not related to work. An intervention plan served as the output of the study.The respondents of this study were all Maritime and Engineering faculty members, their respective department heads and selected students. The descriptive type of research was utilized in the study and survey questionnaire was used as the data gathering instrument.Majority of respondents were 31-35 years old and above 40 years old, male, married, using public utility vehicles, full time faculty members, with bachelor’s degree and with units earned in Masteral, have an average teaching load of below 24 hours/week in a year, have 4 – 6 subjects average number of teaching preparation in a year, with 5 years and below teaching experience.In the over-all performance, LIMA Faculty Members obtained a rating of 92.38 percent while Engineering Faculty members obtained a rating of 90.69 percent. Maritime and Engineering faculty members have high level of time management practices inside and outside the classroom. Engineering and Maritime faculty members have high level of time management practices inside the classroom; during vacant periods and in terms of Personal Schedule Related to Work. Maritime faculty members have very high level in time management not related to work while Engineering faculty members have moderate level in personal schedule not related to work. Students’ evaluation, department heads evaluation and observation, self evaluation as well as the over-all performance of the faculties were affected by age, gender, civil status, employment status, and teaching load.The students’ evaluation, Dean’s Evaluation and Observation, Self-evaluation, attendance and overall performance have nothing to do with the level of time management practices of Engineering and Maritime Faculty Members.The intervention plan is designed to help the Engineering and Maritime Faculty members to enhance the level of their time management practices, inside and outside the classroom situations, during their vacant periods to become more productive and their personal work time period which can either be related or not related to work.Keywords: Time Management, Teaching Performance, Maritime, Engineering

1. 1. Utilization of Participatory Approaches Among the  Maritime Students of LPU: Extent of its Effects on the Teaching-Learning Process By: Dr. Leo Ramos Jr. and Dr. Agnes Ilagan (2009)
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      The study was conducted to determine the faculty utilization of participatory approaches and extent of its effects to both Maritime and Non-Maritime students of LPU.This study is a descriptive survey since it was conducted in a systematic examination of the condition, situation and values in order to collect data from the analysis of some aspect, area or group.The main perception of the faculty members of LPU with regards to the utilization of participatory teaching approach requires creativity on the part of the teachers, as well as the students’ cooperation. Moreover, they do not seem to agree with the idea that this approach is only meant for mentally-advanced students.Both Marine and Non-Marine students find the faculty members of LPU with genuine interests and favorable attitudes toward the utilization of participatory teaching approaches. Being given the chances to engage in different active learning activities enabled them to acquire knowledge and skills, and at the same time, develop worthwhile values and attitudes.The effects of participatory teaching approaches to the faculty members of the ten colleges of LPU vary significantly from each college due to their different teaching styles of doing more effective teachings. The teachers’ competence in terms of knowledge and skills possessed, significantly contribute to the accepted standards and ideals of the teaching profession. With the findings, it is believed that every teacher has his peculiar methods, values and techniques. He is working out consciously for a style that is suited for his personality and purposes, rather than, imitate the styles of others.The common reason for the wide use of the approach could be attributed to the availability of teachers with expertise on related matters, including the state-of-the-art facilities as well as the seminars and trainings that are being offered by the administrative officials and personnel.Presumably, the problems encountered by the faculty members served as the factors that hindered them from performing the different participatory approaches in teaching. Thus, some teachers earned low means in the different areas of concern during the teachers’ evaluation period, while others earned higher.The proposed program could enhance the utilization of participatory teaching approach in the ten colleges of LPU.Keywords: Participatory Approach, Maritime Students, Teaching-Learning Process

1. 1. An Assessment of English Proficiency Level of Maritime Students and Instructional Materials: Basis for Enhancement  By: Mrs. Jomari Navarro and Mrs. Zenaida Garbin (2008)
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      This study sought to determine the English proficiency of Maritime students and to assess the English instructional materials of LIMA as basis for enhancement. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: 1). What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the following factors: English Orientation Index, teacher related factors and teachers’ teaching experience and educational attainment; and school related factors; adequacy of English instructional materials and facilities, and presence of school’s English program like English and Speech Clubs? 2). What is the English proficiency level of maritime students based on the   English Proficiency Test administered? 3). Is there a significant relationship between the English orientation index and the level of English proficiency of maritime students? 4).What is the assessment of the language teachers and maritime students on the existing text manual being used according to the following criteria: Relevance of content, Structure and organization, and Strategies and presentation? 5). Based on the data gathered, what revisions can be applied to improve students’ proficiency level in the following area: vocabulary / lexicon, grammar, and reading comprehension? 6). Is there a significant difference between the assessment of language teachers and maritime students on the existing text manual being used? 7). Based from the findings of the study, what enhancement in the English maritime text manual maybe proposed?The descriptive study was participated in by 586 respondents, 222 first year maritime students, 189 second year maritime students, 168 third year maritime and 7 English teachers assigned in LIMA. The questionnaire was the main instrument used in gathering the data which is based on the objective of the syllabi prepared by instructors intended for marine students. It also included questions for respondents’ profile such as students which focused on the English Orientation Index, teachers and school related factors. Based on the findings, the maritime students agreed that English is required in their chosen course and is useful in securing a job especially in metro manila area and abroad. On the other hand, Maritime students are incompetent in vocabulary and reading comprehension and   fairly incompetent in grammar. Both respondents   disagree that the examples for each topic presented on the text manual are realistic, that the contents are clearly organized into units or chapters and that there is available graphics and pictures for each major topic that will let the students clearly visualized the topics. Finally, there is a proposed enhancement in the English maritime text manual and program for marine students’ English proficiency.However, the English proficiency level of maritime students should be improved particularly along vocabulary, grammar and reading comprehension. In this aspect, the institution should give way to the reproduction and utilization of the text manual upon the approval of the text book committee. The General Education Department may implement the proposed enhancement for the English Maritime Text Manual. Specifically, teachers will play an important role in the utilization of the proposed program for the enhancement of the text manual and development of marine English proficiency. It is finally recommended that further research of similar nature be undertaken in order to have more conclusive findings on students’ English proficiency.Keywords: Maritime Education, English Proficiency, Instructional Materials

1. 1. The Academic Performance of Marine Transportation and Marine Engineering Students at Lyceum of Batangas SY 2006-2007: Basis for an Enhanced Faculty Development Program By: C/M Hermogenes Aguba & Engr. Jake Laguador (2007)
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      The main objective of this study is to establish an enhanced faculty development program based from the results of relationship of students’ average ratings along with the entrance examination score, interest towards the course and methods of teaching used. The objective of the enhanced faculty development is to improve the competency, efficiency and effectiveness of faculty members; the teaching methods used by the Instructors may influence the results of the academic performance of the second and third year BS Marine Transportation and BS Marine Engineering students, that’s why, it is one of the factors being considered in this study.This is a correlational study which probed the significant relationship of school-related variables and final grades of the second year and third year marine transportation and marine engineering both regular and irregular students obtained from the S. Y. 2005-2006. Weighted means were computed for drawing the students’ profiles in stanine, interest towards Maritime Course, perceptions regarding the instructional methods used by their instructors. As for testing the hypothesis the chi square test was used.The researchers concluded that the greater percentage of the respondents belongs to 2-3 stanine bracket, respondents have no regret in taking the maritime course, belong to an average bracket of 2.31 – 2.80. Expository method ranked number 1 among the listed methods of instruction being utilized by maritime instructors. Only the College Entrance Examination Score has a significant relationship to the Students’ average rating in First Semester and Second Semester. While Interest towards the course and methods of teaching used has no significant relationship to the Students’ Average Rating.From the existing Five-year faculty development plan 2004-2009 of the Lyceum International Maritime Academy, the following enhancements were added and proposed to improve the program: encourage faculty members to take Professional Education subjects, teachers should undergo training on how to use LCD projector or computer-based teaching, encourage more teachers from general education department to work with LIMA instructors to produce more research outputs, provide a full support for the committee on curriculum to attend a seminar workshop on curriculum development in accordance to the needs of the regional and national goals, strictly conduct faculty observation and post-conference appropriately; conduct regular monthly meetings in order to inform the faculty members concerning the welfare of the students and to identify common problems in the college; encourage faculty members to join in community works of the institution and attend seminar on developing innovative laboratory and applied projects.Keywords: Academic Performance, Marine Transportation, Marine Engineering, Faculty Development

1. 1. Study Habits and Academic Performance in English Plus of Freshmen Maritime Students of LB By: Dr. Precy Guerra (2007)
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      The study works on the hypothesis that study habits relate to performance in English Plus of freshman maritime students of Lyceum International Maritime Academy of the Lyceum of Batangas. A correlation analysis, study habit as the independent variables has six dimensions such as (1) concentration and interest, (2) memorizing and reviewing, (3) reading, (4) note taking, (5) listening and (6) other study habits. Academic performance is the dependent variable of the study. Two null hypotheses were posited and tested, thus: (1) there was no significant relationship between study habits and academic performance, and (2) none of the dimensions of study habits tends to influence students’ academic performance in English Plus. The study used the descriptive method of research.Findings of the study showed that the subject maritime students did not manifest good study habits in terms of concentration and interest, memorizing and reviewing, reading, note taking, listening and other study habits. The frequency counts for each dimension were lower than fifty percent. This only means that the subject students have yet to adapt good study habits. The same may be said of the academic performance in English Plus. More than 50 percent of them did not obtain satisfactory ratings in the subject.The test of hypothesis proved that there was no significant difference between study habits and academic performance in English Plus. Of the six study habit dimensions, only listening proved to influence students’ performance in English Plus. The study recommended that topic, study habit, be made an important agenda in the general orientation assembly for entering freshman students of the Lyceum, and reinforce it in students’ subjects especially in English. Likewise, the study recommended intensive use of drills and exercises in English teaching to enhance students’ language competence in listening, reading, speaking, and writing.Keywords: Academic Performance, Maritime Students, English, Study Habits

1. 1. Status and Prospect for the Sustainable Development of the Maritime Education Program of LB By: Dr. Rolando Lontoc Sr. (2007)
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      With the rapid changes occurring in the outside environment, the academe is being pressed with the challenge of supplying the requirements of businesses and industries with well-skilled and globally competitive workforce. This occurrence is especially true in the maritime industry. To guarantee the efficiency and safety of marine transport, maritime organizations such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and other international and local organizations continually raise up the ante’ for maritime industry players and consequently, the academe.A prime mover in the maritime education and training in the Southern Tagalog region, the Lyceum International Maritime Academy (LIMA) remain steadfast in its commitment to meet these standards that are being imposed by regulatory bodies, both local and international. More than that, the Academy religiously conducts quality assurance audits and other similar measures to make sure that the academy provides adequate, relevant and quality education to its students.This research is an embodiment of the Academy’s desire to check and maintain its high standards. With the primary aim of evaluating the current performance of the maritime education programs namely, BS Marine Engineering and BS Marine Transportation, this research anticipates that prospects for the sustainable development of the academy can be realized.Through the use of a survey research design, the researcher was able to determine in which areas the academy performs well and was able to deduce which among the five areas of concern i.e. program administration, curriculum and instruction, instructional facilities, faculty teaching performance, and co-curricular activities do the LIMA administration need to focus to make sure that the maritime programs are right on track. The resulting information was a product of the separate responses obtained from the faculty/administrator group and the student group of respondents.The results of the study lead to the imperativeness of the LIMA to hone the latest technology and systems that are being used by the maritime and seafaring industry. Secondly, the study also reveals that LIMA needs to integrate with the rest of the industry, including but not limited to manning agencies, shipping business and the like so that the LIMA will be able to acquire the recent developments and updates in this pervasive industry. Equally important with the first two recommendations, is the need for the LIMA to adopt more flexible curricula methodologies such as the experience based and competency based curricula, since there are studies that prove the appropriateness of these kinds of curricula to maritime education programs.Keywords: Maritime Education, Mission, Vision, Sustainable Development, Lyceum International Maritime Academy

1. 1. Communication Competence of Maritime Students of Lyceum of Batangas: Basis for a Proposed Development Framework  By: Dr. Amador Lualhati & C/M Hermogenes Aguba (2006)
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      The study aimed to assess the communication competence in English of maritime students of Lyceum of Batangas as basis for a proposed curriculum development framework of language teaching. The study used the descriptive method of research with a researcher­ developed language competency test and a researcher-made questionnaire as the main data-gathering tools.Results showed that in general, maritime students do not fare well in the five areas of communication competence. The two groups of college teachers of LIMA rated the students as low in all areas of language skills. The two groups of college faculty of LIMA have similar appraisal of the language skills of maritime students. The level of communication competence in sentence structure and written expression, correct word usage, vocabulary, analogy, and usage imply some serious implications to students’ language skills in listening, reading, speaking, writing, and thinking. Listening is the foundation of skills in the four other areas of language skills. Intensified drills and exercises are needed to help the students develop the habit of communicating in English.Keywords: Maritime Education, Mission, Vision, Sustainable Development, Lyceum International Maritime Academy

1. 1. A Proposed Five-Year Development Framework for LB- International Maritime Academy (2007 – 2012) By: Engr. Jake Laguador & 3/M Leoncio Mandigma (2006)
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      The study attempts to evaluate the status of Lyceum International Maritime Academy (LIMA) in terms of the schools weaknesses and strengths and to determine how the nine institutional areas can be improved in order to deliver the desired quality of education in the Southern Tagalog Region.This study used descriptive research design. It involves the collection of data in the attempt to test the hypothesis and so with the different questions posited as regards to the status of the subject under study.The respondents perceived that the purpose and objectives of the Maritime Education are clearly defined and understood and adapted to the clientele which the Maritime Institution intends to serve. Faculty member conducts himself in a dignified and professional manner and has awareness of institutional values. The respondents perceived that the faculty members, in general, need an enhancement in expressing themselves fluently and spontaneously. The teacher has mastery of the subject matter and inspires students to be self-reliant and disciplined had received excellent remarks as perceived by the respondent in terms of Instruction. The respondents believed that the objective achieved of the Instructor to develop values and good principles in life among students and to relate subjects to other fields and other life situations is of high quality. The objective achieved of providing adequate lab equipment and facilities from Marine Laboratory is of very high quality as perceived by the respondents. It is interesting to note that Lyceum International Maritime Academy is providing adequate tools and improving the facilities of the institution to achieve excellent quality of education.The objective achieved on the application of technology (OPAC), internet facilities, CD ROM collections on the library needs improvement. The respondents perceived that there is involvement of the administration, faculty and students on community service and the College is aware of the environment it serves. The respondents believed that the Faculty Members are supported and funded by Lyceum of Batangas in undertaking research studies and the results of such studies are encouraged to be published in maritime professional journals and / or presented in research colloquia. The respondents assumed that the department heads are effective in guiding training and developing students to improve their performance and the channels thru which students can course their requests or receive instructions are clear.           LIMA has linkages with shipping companies which assist cadet – trainees to undergo the apprenticeship training and employment opportunities. The school can adequately provide better assistance to the students if it has well-organized and efficiently administered office of the apprenticeship and employment assistance in order to carry out its objectives and the respondents believed that the school orientation program in linkage with shipping industry is very well-evaluated, the school provides a continuous faculty development and on-the-job training with government maritime agencies” and the school has a tie-up with shipping companies for actual on-board instruction of students.LIMA has obtained a rating of “Very Good” in nine institutional areas of evaluation. It implies that the college has achieved its objective with high quality. With very minimal rating of “good” in some items of Physical Plant Facilities and Laboratories, Student Services – Libraries , Accounting/Cashier’s Office, OSA, and Linkages.The school development focuses in Instruction, Research and Community Extension with some detailed activities included in Five – Year Development Program of Lyceum International Maritime Academy for S.Y. 2007-2008 to S.Y. 2011 -2012 to support these three functions of Higher Education Institution.Keywords: Maritime Education, Mission, Vision, Objectives, Linkages, Lyceum International Maritime Academy

1. 1. The Responsiveness of the Lyceum of Batangas to the Demands of the STCW’ 95: An Assessment By: Mrs. Jomarie Navarro & C/M Hermogenes Aguba (2005)
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      This study assessed the responsiveness of Lyceum of Batangas to the provisions of the STCW-95.The result of this study will also be important to the school administrators and curriculum planners of Lyceum of Batangas as this will give input data on how to respond to the provisions of international agency needed to strengthen and improve the plans and programs in order to be the role model of other maritime schools.This study on the assessed responsiveness of Lyceum International Maritime Academy on the provisions of STCW-95 used the descriptive research design.Results showed that Respondents viewed that there is a need for educational technological advancement in all maritime schools like LIMA to respond on the provision of STCW’95 like upgrading the library materials and holdings (slides, films and other projection aids) and availability of reading equipment for micro-films and micro-print materials.There is a need to strengthen the different support services like counseling, community projects for local maritime practitioners, health and spiritual services.There is a strong need for financial assistance program and scholarship grants for deserving students for recognition and incentive purposes.Keywords: Maritime Education, STCW ’95, Lyceum International Maritime Academy

1. 1. An Analysis of the Performance of the Port of Batangas Under Phase 1 of the Port Development Project By: Capt Carlos Aguado & Miss Ma. Jocelyn Jaucian (2004)
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      This study aimed to provide a clear picture of the transformation of the Batangas Port under the Phase 1 operations. It also attempted to compare the operations in terms of selected indicators before and after the implementation of Phase 1. The study followed the descriptive research design.Results showed that Phase 1 of the Port Development Project was mainly concerned with improving and expanding Batangas Port facilities, which were very cramped and dilapidated. Thus, construction of a passenger terminal and specialized berths for Ro-Ro and fast craft vessels was given priority over the building of other needed facilities such as berths for foreign vessels. Basic services needed by Port users namely, ships and their passengers and cargoes, are available under Phase 1 of the Port Development Project. Most maintenance activities needed for efficient and smooth port operations are frequently practiced at the Port of Batangas. However, the availability of emergency response personnel and equipment, conduct of fire drills and other emergency response drills, as well as sanitation inspection and monitoring in Port restaurants, canteens, etc. are only sometimes followed. The operations of the Port of Batangas improved under Phase 1 of the Port Development Project.The improvement seems to be greatest in the area of wider space for parking vehicles and efficiency and orderliness in the movement of ships, cargoes and passengers. Operational problems seldom occur at the Port of Batangas. But foremost among the problems that occur in the Port is the stranding of passengers inside the Port and non-accommodation of outgoing passengers inside the passenger waiting lounge during peak holiday seasons.The solutions applied to problems occurring at the Port of Batangas under Phase 1 operations are generally effective.During the period 1990 to 2002, the Port of Batangas had its peak performance in terms of number of shipcalls, passengers and cargoes in the year 1995, the year when major construction activities for Phase 1 of the Port Development Project began.The Batangas Port Development Project seems to have served as a magnet for investment in Region IV. Its construction in 1995 led to regional economic growth and development and heightened trading activities, as manifested in increased shipping, cargo and passenger traffic in the Port of Batangas during the same year, as well as the highest rate of gross regional domestic product (GRDP) registered for the Southern Tagalog Region during the period covered by the study.Keywords: Batangas Port, Port Development Project

1. 1. Status, Compliance and Adherence to Quality Standards Among Maritime Institutions in the Philippines By: Dr. Flora V. Javier, Dr. Melchor Magramo (2004) 
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      This survey research aimed to determine the status of and compliance to and adherence to the quality standards system by the maritime schools in the Philippines. Frequency, mean and standard deviations were the descriptive statistics used and t-test, analysis of variance, stepwise multiple regression analysis and Pearson’s r were the inferential statistics used. The participants’ perceived the status of the quality standards system among maritime schools as ‘strong’. The participants’ perceived the compliance with and adherence to the quality standards system among the maritime schools as “very high”. Location of school, enrolment size, faculty size, size of support staff, accreditation, position in school, work experience and educational preparation are significant predictors of the status, compliance with and adherence to the quality standards system in maritime schools. No significant relationships existed between the participants’ perception of the compliance and adherence to quality standards system among maritime schools and personal-related factors.

1. 1. Existing Practices in the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Selected Industries along Batangas Bay as Perceived by their Employees By: Ms. Debbie Lualhati (1999)

1. Waste Identification and Characterization of the Coastal Barangays of Batangas City By: Engr. Ronnie Masangcay (1999)